Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games (ECGG) is a unique reference resource tailored to meet the needs of research and applications for industry professionals and academic communities worldwide. The ECGG covers the history, technologies, and trends of computer graphics and games.

Editor-in-Chief

Newton Lee, Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Academic Co-Chair

Shlomo Dubnov, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

Vinesh Thiruchelvam, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Patrick C. K. Hung, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Business and IT, Oshawa, ON, Canada

Jaci Lee Lederman, Vincennes University, Vincennes, IN, USA

Industry Co-Chair

Shuichi Kurabayashi, Cygames, Inc. & Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan

Xiaomao Wu, Gritworld GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany

Editorial Board

Leigh Achterbosch, Federation University Australia, School of Science, Engineering, IT and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen, Ballarat, VIC, Australia

Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Ramazan S. Aygun, Kennesaw State University, Department of Computer Science, Marietta, GA, USA

Barbaros Bostan, Bahçeşehir University (BAU), BUG Game Lab, Istanbul, Turkey

Guven Catak, Bahçeşehir University (BAU), BUG Game Lab, Istanbul, Turkey

Alvin Chan, Cambridge Corporate University, Lucerne, Switzerland

Anirban Chowdhury, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Department of User Experience and Interaction Design, School of Design (SoD), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Anthony Lewis Brooks, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Saverio Debernardis, Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Bari, Italy

Abdennour El Rhalibi, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

Stefano Ferretti, University of Bologna, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bologna, Italy

Han Hu, Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing, China

Susan Johnston, Select Services Films Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA

Chris Joslin, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

Sicilia Ferreira Judice, University of Calgary, Dept. of Computer Science, Calgary, Canada

Julia Juremi, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hoshang Kolivand, Liverpool John Moores University, Department Computer Science, Liverpool, UK

Jaci Lee Lederman, Vincennes University, Vincennes, IN, USA

Dario Maggiorini, University of Milan, Department of Computer Science, Milano, Italy

Tim McGraw, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

George Papagiannakis, University of Crete, Computer Science Department, Heraklion, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece

Florian Richoux, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France

Andrea Sanna, Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Turin, Italy

Yann Savoye, Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Computer Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Sercan Şengün, Illinois State University, Wonsook Kim College of Fine Arts, Normal, IL, USA

Ruck Thawonmas, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan

Rojin Vishkaie, Ball State University, College of Communication, Information, and Media, Muncie, IN, USA

Duncan A. H. Williams, University of York, Digital Creativity Labs, Department of Computer Science, York, UK

Sai-Keung Wong, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan